A groundbreaking law has been enacted in Tonga, establishing a comprehensive statutory framework for integrated ocean governance across an expansive area of over 700,000 square kilometers of the nation’s ocean territory. Given that more than 99 percent of Tonga’s landmass is oceanic, this framework is vital for effective ocean management and sustainable practices.
This new legislation introduces three key bodies to oversee the governance of the ocean. First, the Ocean Management Commission, appointed by the Cabinet, will provide overall direction and stewardship. This Commission will have the authority to approve policies and plans, grant consents and authorizations, issue orders, coordinate between government ministries, and take enforcement actions when necessary.
Additionally, an Advisory Committee named Ocean7 has been established to facilitate cross-sector coordination and provide advisory support. This committee is tasked with delivering evidence-based guidance, reviewing the National Ocean Policy and Marine Spatial Plans, and promoting public consultation across sectors.
Supporting these initiatives is a Secretariat, formed within the ministry responsible for environmental matters. This Secretariat will manage data and information, administer the Ocean Management Fund, and ensure the ongoing implementation of ocean governance strategies.
The Act also introduces several crucial policy and regulatory tools, including a National Ocean Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, and the designation of Ocean Management Areas, which include zoning for no-take areas, habitat protection, and specific reserves, thereby promoting sustainable resource use.
Additional measures outlined in the law include procedures for development consents and permitting, environmental and regulatory impact assessments, monitoring and enforcement capabilities, dispute resolution frameworks, and sustainable financing mechanisms through the Ocean Management Fund, supported by various levies, fees, and charges.
Overall, these institutions and tools are designed to harmonize diverse sectors such as fisheries, energy, shipping, tourism, and environmental protection within a unified framework, all while preserving Tonga’s cultural connections to the ocean. This law marks a significant step towards sustainable ocean governance, promising long-term benefits for the environment and the communities that depend on these vital marine resources.
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