Flesh-Eating Ulcer Spreads: Is NSW the Next Victim?

A concerning increase in cases of Buruli ulcer, a severe skin infection that can cause significant disfigurement, has been observed along Australia’s coastline, particularly in Victoria and a coastal town in southern New South Wales (NSW) called Batemans Bay. The condition has been present in Australia since the 1940s, primarily noted in the Northern Territory and far-north Queensland.

In recent times, Victoria has seen nearly daily reports of new cases, raising alarms among researchers. Investigations have revealed that Batemans Bay may now have endemic cases, with two reported instances in 2021 and 2023. Researchers are particularly interested in these developments as they analyze local wildlife, specifically possums, which are believed to be key carriers of the bacteria responsible for the ulcer. Mosquitoes also play a vital role in transmitting the bacteria to humans.

In a study published in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, scientists indicated that the presence of the bacteria in local possums confirms its establishment in the area. The strain found in Batemans Bay differs from those more commonly found in endemic regions of Victoria, suggesting distinct transmission pathways.

The ulcer begins with a lesion that may initially resemble an insect bite but can take weeks or months to develop fully. Timely diagnosis is crucial to minimize severe tissue damage. One reported case involved a 94-year-old male patient who required amputation of his ring finger due to extensive spread of the infection.

Researchers emphasize that the similarities in wildlife and insect populations between southern NSW and coastal Victoria point towards a potential expansion of ulcer-endemic areas in NSW. However, the reasons behind the appearance of cases in locations far apart remain unclear.

The ongoing research efforts led by infectious disease specialists, pathologists, and researchers from various regions highlight the importance of addressing this alarming trend in public health.

This situation serves as a reminder of the challenges posed by emerging infectious diseases and the need for increased awareness and research to protect public health. By understanding these patterns, health authorities can take proactive measures to prevent further spread of the disease.