Amnesty International has issued a call for governments not to miss the critical chance to convert the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) 2025 Advisory Opinion on state obligations regarding climate change into decisive climate action. This appeal comes as discussions are underway to finalize a new UN climate change resolution, initiated through informal consultations on a draft resolution brought forth by Vanuatu last Friday.
The anticipated vote on the resolution among UN member states at the end of March marks an important milestone, occurring three years after the UN General Assembly first requested ICJ’s opinion. According to Candy Ofime, Climate Justice Researcher and Legal Advisor at Amnesty International, the resolution aims to transform the ICJ’s interpretation of vital legal standards into a tangible roadmap for state accountability. However, it may face political resistance from wealthier, high-emission nations concerned about their historical obligations and financial repercussions.
Amnesty International is urging governments to support the resolution and advocate for its adoption in its current form. The draft resolution emphatically endorses the Advisory Opinion and urges nations to comply with clarified legal duties, including the adoption of national climate action plans—known as nationally determined contributions—to restrict global temperature rise to below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Furthermore, nations are encouraged to implement effective emission reduction measures, such as abolishing fossil fuel subsidies and ensuring the protection of individuals displaced by climate change.
The ICJ’s Advisory Opinion highlights the inseparable link between human rights and environmental protection. Ofime pointed out that major global leaders’ recent decisions, particularly actions taken by former U.S. President Trump to rescind critical environmental protections, have undermined momentum for global climate initiatives. She emphasized the need for international cooperation to phase out fossil fuels responsibly, support workers transitioning from fossil fuel dependence, and finance adaptation efforts for those already suffering from climate-related challenges.
This moment presents an opportunity for countries to demonstrate their commitment to climate justice, moving beyond delays or weakening of their legal and moral responsibilities. As discussions progress towards a revised draft resolution to be shared with all UN member states in early March, there remains a hopeful outlook for a collaborative international response to climate change. By rallying together, the global community can make meaningful strides toward alleviating the impacts of climate change, which threaten numerous aspects of life on Earth.
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