In the latest installment of Point of Origin, we explore the spiritual beliefs and totemic traditions of the Tikina Deuba. Traditionally, the Fijians revere local ancestor-spirits referred to as vu, each assigned to individual yavusa, rather than widespread deities. Each vu is primarily concerned with the welfare of its specific group.
A common narrative among these spirits suggests they originally hail from Nakauvadra, descended from legendary figures Lutunasobasoba or Degei, who are considered the first migrants to Fiji. Although Gedde’s book, “Deuba: A Study of a Fijian Village,” portrays these figures as somewhat nebulous, they play a lesser role in everyday religious practices compared to the local vu.
The distinctions between vu and Kalou vu are notable in ancient Fijian beliefs. The vu is often recognized as the tangible founder of a yavusa, while the Kalou vu embodies a more purely spiritual essence, typically not having existed as an ordinary human.
In Deuba, the vu of the Yavusa Dravuni, named Gusu i Delana, is distinguished by a unique characteristic: his mouth is located atop his head. His presence is manifest in three specific forms. The first is the flying ant (kadi vuka), which is considered sacred. The second appears at night through the distinctive sound of the Kikau, leading members of the community to associate its call with the vu’s spirit. The third and most intimate manifestation occurs in dreams, often experienced by the head of the priestly clan.
The local population generally accepts the vu’s existence without skepticism, and even those who practice Christianity find ways to integrate the belief into their faith. The vu also plays a role in community well-being, especially during times of conflict, with villagers believing he provides protective guidance for their people.
In modern times, traditional worship of these spirits has diminished due to church influence and government regulations. However, elements of their practices linger, particularly in yaqona ceremonies, where past rituals for the vu still hold sway in the minds of the elders.
Totemic practices within the community highlight three main symbols: food, fish, and a tree. The food totem is Sawaqa, a plantain exclusive to the original homestead of Qainivalu. The fish totem is Vuvula, common in local waters, while the tree is Makosoi, whose dried blooms are traditionally used for scenting coconut oil.
Moreover, strict etiquette surrounding the mention of these totems exists; any reference to them in front of women can lead to drastic consequences, illustrating the delicate cultural norms that govern these traditions. In the past, such observations were taken seriously, but today, the community may respond to any breaches of this rule with humor rather than strict enforcement.
This article continues from the previous edition, with further insights scheduled for release next week.