Health care expenses related to mortality and disabilities caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes and obesity-related illnesses, were estimated to be $591 million in 2019. During a ministerial statement in Parliament, Health Minister Dr. Atonio Lalabalavu highlighted that NCDs remain the primary health burden for Fijians, accounting for 80 percent of all deaths in the country and 40 percent of premature fatalities.
According to the Republic of Fiji Vital Statistics Report covering 2016 to 2021, circulatory diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancers were the leading causes of death in both genders across all age groups. For adults aged 35 to 59 years, NCDs were identified as the main causes of death for both men and women.
Dr. Lalabalavu emphasized the substantial impact NCDs have on Fiji’s health system and society at large. A significant portion of hospital admissions and treatments is attributed to NCDs and their related complications. He pointed out that complications from NCDs, such as coronary artery disease, strokes, kidney diseases, vision impairment, and peripheral vessel diseases, often necessitate surgical procedures, including amputations. This results in a continual influx of patients requiring ongoing care in health facilities across Fiji.
The Minister noted that 95 percent of NCD cases stem from lifestyle choices. The four main modifiable risk factors contributing to NCDs are tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diets high in salt, sugar, and fat, and excessive alcohol consumption. These unhealthy habits lead to critical changes in the body that heighten the risk of NCDs, including elevated blood pressure, high blood sugar, increased cholesterol levels, and obesity.
The Fiji 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey revealed a troubling trend of poor dietary practices among older children, adolescents, and adults, characterized by low consumption of nutritious foods and a high intake of sugary and sweetened beverages. The survey also highlighted that approximately one-third of children aged between 5 to 19 years in Fiji were classified as overweight. Dr. Lalabalavu cautioned that if these risk factors remain unaddressed, they will lead to the progression of NCDs.