legal analysis
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Tonga’s TOML sponsorship risks offshore investor-state arbitration, warns PANG analysis
Fresh legal analysis raises red flags about Tonga’s sponsorship deal with an offshore mining operator, warning the contract could grant sweeping protections to investors and invite costly international disputes. As global rules for deep-sea mining are debated, critics say the agreement could curb Tonga’s policy space and highlight the need for stronger safeguards and transparency.