Many Fijians born before 2006 have experienced at least one coup, which has significantly impacted the nation’s history. These coups not only disrupted stability and displaced families but also fueled tensions between the two largest racial groups.
The Coalition Government is now taking steps to address these historical grievances by initiating difficult conversations regarding the country’s past and future direction. The idea of establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) may be unfamiliar to many in Fiji, with some questioning its necessity. However, forming such a commission is not a new concept.
This week, consultations began regarding the draft legal framework for the TRC, led by Ruben Carranza, a senior expert from the International Center for Transitional Justice. Carranza is engaging in public consultations across the nation and emphasizes that the TRC must be tailored to Fiji’s unique context and history.
With experience in transitional justice across several post-conflict nations, Carranza noted that the TRC would not function as a court and would not have prosecutorial powers. Instead, it aims to create a safe environment for both victims and perpetrators to share their stories, specifically exploring the events from 1987 onwards.
Carranza pointed out that litigation is not always the only option for addressing past injustices, especially in countries with a lengthy history of conflict. He underscored that many cases from the past may never make it to court, emphasizing the necessity for alternative avenues to address grievances.
Reflecting on his own experiences, Carranza shared insights from working in East Timor during its struggle for independence in 1999, where violence erupted following a referendum. He described the displacement caused by this conflict and the establishment of a truth commission in East Timor, which was crucial for welcoming back individuals who feared repercussions for their beliefs.
He stressed the importance of designing a truth commission that accurately represents the political and social conditions of the country. While a truth commission is an official entity, it differs from a judicial court, focusing on listening to and acknowledging the experiences of those who suffered human rights violations.
Carranza highlighted that truth commissions can play a vital role in addressing historical grievances, especially when perpetrators may no longer be alive or identifiable, and when traditional judicial systems may not function effectively.
Once established, the TRC in Fiji will operate for 18 months and is tasked with delivering a report on its findings. Carranza emphasized the importance of public participation in this process, noting that input from citizens can significantly influence the design and effectiveness of the commission.
He encouraged various forms of participation, including virtual consultations and engagement through social media, to ensure diverse voices are heard in shaping the future of Fiji’s reconciliation efforts.