Many Fijians born before 2006 have experienced at least one coup, leaving an indelible mark on the country’s history. These events not only created instability and displaced families but also exacerbated tensions between Fiji’s two largest racial groups. Now, the Coalition Government aims to rectify these historical injustices and foster open discussions about Fiji’s present and future.
The Fiji Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) may be an unfamiliar concept for many Fijians, with some questioning its necessity. However, the process of convening such a commission is not unprecedented. This week marked the beginning of consultations regarding the draft legal framework for the establishment of the TRC, with a seasoned expert emphasizing the need for the commission to be shaped by Fiji’s unique context and history.
Ruben Carranza, a senior expert from the International Center for Transitional Justice, is participating in public consultations across the nation aimed at explaining the rationale behind the TRC. With extensive experience in transitional justice in various post-conflict nations, including Liberia and Kenya, Carranza highlighted that the TRC will not function as a court nor possess prosecutorial powers. Instead, it will serve as a safe space for both victims and perpetrators to share their narratives.
The TRC will focus on events and impacts from 1987 onward. Carranza pointed out that merely relying on court litigation is insufficient in many cases due to the sheer number of incidents and the lengthy resolution process involved.
Throughout his career, Carranza has worked on addressing transitions from armed conflicts or authoritarian rule and has witnessed the complexities involved during such shifts. Recalling his time in East Timor in 1999, he described the violence that erupted following the independence referendum and the resulting displacements.
In East Timor, a UN-established truth commission aimed to welcome back individuals who had fled their homes during the conflict. Carranza stressed that a TRC’s design should be specific to the conditions and political climate of the country, clarifying that it should not function as a court system, which determines guilt and punishment.
Drawing on examples from global contexts, he illustrated that truth commissions can often be more effective than courts for addressing large-scale human rights violations, especially when prosecution is impractical. In many instances, those responsible for abuses may be deceased, and evidence may not be available for judicial proceedings.
Once the TRC is established, it will operate for 18 months and will be tasked with delivering findings that can facilitate healing within the community. Carranza emphasized the importance of public engagement and participation throughout this process to ensure that the commission reflects the voices and needs of the population.
He also noted the significance of modern communication methods, like social media, in promoting participation among younger generations, suggesting that these platforms can provide valuable insights and feedback as part of the consultation process.